Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukugcizelelwa komhlaba wonke kokusimama kuye kwangena embonini yokupakisha. Amafilimu epulasitiki endabuko, njenge-PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), sekunesikhathi eside ebusa ngenxa yokuqina nokuguquguquka kwawo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhathazeka ngomthelela wabo kwezemvelo kubangele intshisekelo kuwoifilimu engaboliezinye izindlela ezifana ne-Cellophane ne-PLA (i-Polylactic Acid). Le ndatshana iveza ukuqhathanisa okuphelele phakathi kwamafilimu abolayo namafilimu endabuko e-PET, kugxilwe ekwakhiweni kwawo, umthelela wendawo, ukusebenza, kanye nezindleko.
Ukubunjwa Kokubalulekile Nomthombo
Ifilimu Yendabuko Ye-PET
I-PET iyi-resin yepulasitiki yokwenziwa ekhiqizwa nge-polymerization ye-ethylene glycol ne-terephthalic acid, kokubili okutholakala kumafutha angcolile. Njengento encike ngokuphelele emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi angavuseleleki, ukukhiqizwa kwawo kudinga amandla kakhulu futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni emhlabeni jikelele.
Ifilimu Engaboli
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✅Ifilimu yeCellophane:Ifilimu ye-Cellophaneifilimu ye-biopolymer eyenziwe nge-cellulose evuselelwe, ngokuyinhloko itholakala ku-pulp yokhuni. Le nto ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo ezifana nokhuni noma uqalo, okufaka isandla kuphrofayili yayo esimeme. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa ukuhlakaza i-cellulose kusisombululo se-alkali kanye ne-carbon disulfide ukuze kwakhiwe isisombululo se-viscose. Lesi sixazululo sibe sesikhishwa nge-slit encane futhi sivuselelwa kabusha sibe ifilimu. Nakuba le ndlela idla amandla ngokusesilinganisweni futhi ngokwesiko ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezintsha ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wendawo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusimama kukonke kokukhiqizwa kwe-cellophane.
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✅Ifilimu ye-PLA:Ifilimu ye-PLA(I-Polylactic Acid) iyi-biopolymer ye-thermoplastic etholakala ku-lactic acid, etholakala ezinsizeni ezivuselelekayo ezifana nesitashi sombila noma umoba. Lokhu kwaziswa kuqashelwa njengenye indlela esimeme kunepulasitiki yendabuko ngenxa yokuthembela kwayo esitokweni sezolimo kunamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PLA kuhilela ukuvutshelwa koshukela wezitshalo ukuze kukhiqizwe i-lactic acid, ebuye ifakwe i-polymer ukuze yakhe i-biopolymer. Le nqubo idla uphethiloli we-fossil omncane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki asekelwe ku-petroleum, okwenza i-PLA ibe inketho evumelana nemvelo.
Umthelela Wezemvelo
I-Biodegradability
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I-Cellophane: I-biodegradable ngokugcwele futhi ivundiswe ezimweni zokwenza umquba wasekhaya noma wezimboni, ngokuvamile wonakala phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30-90.
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I-PLA: I-biodegradable ngaphansi kwezimo ze-composting yezimboni (≥58°C kanye nomswakama ophezulu), ngokuvamile phakathi kwamaviki angu-12-24. Ayinaboliboli ezindaweni zasolwandle noma zemvelo.
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I-PET: Ayiboli. Ingaqhubeka emvelweni iminyaka engama-400-500, okunomthelela ekungcoleni kwepulasitiki yesikhathi eside.
I-Carbon Footprint
- I-Cellophane: Ukukhishwa komjikelezo wokuphila kusuka ku-2.5 kuya ku-3.5 kg CO₂ ngekhilogramu yefilimu, kuye ngendlela yokukhiqiza.
- I-PLA: Ikhiqiza cishe u-1.3 kuya ku-1.8 kg CO₂ ngekhilogremu ngayinye yefilimu, ephansi kakhulu kunepulasitiki evamile.
- I-PET: Ukukhishwa kuvame ukuhluka ukusuka ku-2.8 kuya ku-4.0 kg CO₂ ngekhilogremu ngayinye yefilimu ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla.
Ukugaywa kabusha
- I-Cellophane: Iyasebenziseka kabusha ngokobuchwepheshe, kodwa ivamise ukuvundiswa ngenxa yokubola kwayo.
- I-PLA: Ingaphinde isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezikhethekile, nakuba ingqalasizinda yomhlaba wangempela ilinganiselwe. I-PLA eminingi igcina isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma ekushiseni.
- I-PET: Igaywa kabusha futhi yamukelwe ezinhlelweni eziningi zikamasipala. Kodwa-ke, amazinga omhlaba okugaywa kabusha ahlala ephansi (~20-30%), kanye nama-26% kuphela amabhodlela e-PET asetshenziswe kabusha e-US (2022).
Ukusebenza Nezakhiwo
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Ukuvumelana nezimo namandla
I-Cellophane
I-Cellophane ibonisa ukuguquguquka okuhle nokumelana nezinyembezi okumaphakathi, okuyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza zokupakisha ezidinga ibhalansi ethambile phakathi kobuqotho besakhiwo kanye nokuvuleka kalula. Amandla ayo okuqina ngokuvamile aqala ukusuka100–150 MPa, kuye ngenqubo yokukhiqiza nokuthi ngabe imbozwe ngezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zokuvimbela. Yize ingenamandla njenge-PET, ikhono le-cellophane lokugoba ngaphandle kokuqhekeka nomuzwa wayo wemvelo kuyenza ilungele ukusonga izinto ezingasindi nezintekenteke njengezimpahla ezibhakiwe namaswidi.
I-PLA (i-Polylactic Acid)
I-PLA ihlinzeka ngamandla emishini esezingeni elifanele, enamandla okuqina ngokuvamile phakathi50–70 MPa, eqhathaniswa neyamanye amapulasitiki avamile. Nokho, yayoubuqhwagakuyisici esibalulekile—ngaphansi kwengcindezi noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi, i-PLA ingaqhekeka noma iphihlize, iyenze ingalungeli kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukumelana nomthelela omkhulu. Izithasiselo nokuxuba namanye ama-polymers kungathuthukisa ukuqina kwe-PLA, kodwa lokhu kungase kuthinte ukuvunda kwayo.
I-PET (i-Polyethylene Terephthalate)
I-PET ibhekwa kabanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini. Inikeza amandla aphezulu okudonsa-kusukela50 ukuze 150 MPa, kuya ngezici ezifana nebanga, ukujiya, nezindlela zokucubungula (isb., ukuma kwe-biaxial). Inhlanganisela ye-PET yokuguquguquka, ukuqina, nokumelana nokubhoboza nokuklebhuka kuyenza into ekhethwayo yamabhodlela eziphuzo, amathreyi, nokupakishwa okusebenza kahle kakhulu. Isebenza kahle kulo lonke izinga lokushisa elibanzi, igcina ubuqotho ngaphansi kwengcindezi nangesikhathi sokuthutha.
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I-Barrier Properties
I-Cellophane
I-Cellophane ineizakhiwo zokuvimbela okumaphakathingokumelene namagesi kanye nomswakama. Yakhoizinga lokudlulisa umoya-mpilo (OTR)ngokuvamile isukela500 kuya ku-1200 cm³/m²/ngosuku, elanele imikhiqizo yeshelufu elifushane njengomkhiqizo omusha noma izinto ezibhakiwe. Uma imbozwe (isb, nge-PVDC noma i-nitrocellulose), ukusebenza kwayo kwesithiyo kuba ngcono kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokungeneka kakhulu kune-PET noma i-PLA, ukuphefumula kwemvelo kwe-cellophane kungaba inzuzo emikhiqizweni edinga ukushintshaniswa komswakama.
I-PLA
Amafilimu e-PLA anikezayoukumelana nomswakama kangcono kune-cellophanekodwa ubeizinga eliphezulu le-oxygenkune-PET. I-OTR yayo ngokuvamile iwela phakathi100-200 cm³/m²/ngosuku, kuye ngokuqina kwefilimu nokucwebezela. Nakuba ingafaneleki ezinhlelweni ezizwela umoya-mpilo (njengeziphuzo ze-carbonated), i-PLA isebenza kahle ekupakisheni izithelo ezintsha, imifino, nokudla okomile. Ukwakheka okusha kwe-PLA okuthuthukisiwe okuvinjelwe kuyathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ezinhlelweni ezidingeka kakhulu.
I-PET
I-PET ilethasuperior barrier izakhiwongaphesheya kwebhodi. Nge-OTR ephansi njenge1–15 cm³/m²/ngosuku, iphumelela ngokukhethekile ekuvimbeni umoya-mpilo nomswakama, okuyenza ilungele ukupakishwa kokudla nesiphuzo lapho ukuphila kweshalofu isikhathi eside kubalulekile. Amandla okuvimbela i-PET aphinde asize ekugcineni ukunambitheka komkhiqizo, i-carbonation, kanye nokusha, yingakho ibusa umkhakha weziphuzo zamabhodlela.
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Ukungafihli
Zonke izinto ezintathu—I-Cellophane, i-PLA, ne-PET- ukunikezaukukhanya okuhle kakhulu kwe-optical, okwenza zilungele ukupakisha imikhiqizo laphoisethulo esibukwayokubalulekile.
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I-Cellophaneinokubukeka okucwebezelayo nomuzwa wemvelo, okuvamise ukuthuthukisa umbono wemikhiqizo yezandla noma eco-friendly.
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I-PLAisobala kakhulu futhi inikeza isiphetho esibushelelezi, esicwebezelayo, esifana ne-PET, esikhanga imikhiqizo ekwazisa isethulo esibonakalayo esihlanzekile nokusimama.
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I-PETihlala iwuphawu lwemboni lokucaca, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezifana namabhodlela amanzi neziqukathi zokudla ezicacile, lapho ukukhanya okuphezulu kubalulekile ukuze kuboniswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Izicelo Ezisebenzayo
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Ukupakisha Ukudla
I-Cellophane: Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa umkhiqizo omusha, izinto zokubhaka izipho, njengeizikhwama zesipho ze-cellophane, kanye ne-confectionery ngenxa yokuphefumula kanye ne-biodegradability.
I-PLA: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezitsheni ze-clamshell, khiqiza amafilimu, kanye nokupakishwa kobisi ngenxa yokucaca kwayo nokuvunda, njengeIfilimu yokudla ye-PLA.
I-PET: Izinga lomkhakha lamabhodlela eziphuzo, amathreyi okudla aqandisiwe, neziqukathi ezihlukahlukene, ezaziswa ngamandla awo nomsebenzi wokuvimba.
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Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni
I-Cellophane: Kutholwe ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile ezifana nokugoqwa kukagwayi, ukupakishwa kwamabhamuza ekhemisi, nokugoqwa kwezipho.
I-PLA: Isetshenziswa emaphaketheni ezokwelapha, amafilimu ezolimo, futhi ngokwandayo kuma-filaments wokuphrinta we-3D.
I-PET: Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekupakishweni kwempahla yabathengi, izingxenye zezimoto, nezinto zikagesi ngenxa yamandla ako nokumelana namakhemikhali.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinketho ezibolayo ezifana ne-Cellophane ne-PLA noma amafilimu endabuko e-PET kuncike ezintweni eziningi ezihlanganisa izinto eziza kuqala endaweni ezungezile, izidingo zokusebenza, kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali. Nakuba i-PET isalokhu ikhonya ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu, umthwalo wemvelo kanye nomuzwa wabathengi kuqhuba ushintsho kumafilimu abolayo. I-Cellophane ne-PLA zinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo futhi zingathuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe eziqaphela imvelo. Ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuhlala ngaphambi kwezitayela zokusimama, ukutshala imali kulezi ezinye izindlela kungaba yisinyathelo esinomthwalo wemfanelo kanye namasu.
Imikhiqizo Ehlobene
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-03-2025