Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inkulumo mayelana nezinto ezisimeme ithole umfutho ongakaze ubonwe, okuhambisana nokuqwashisa okukhulayo ngemiphumela yemvelo ehambisana namapulasitiki avamile. Izinto ezibolayo eziphilayo ziye zavela njengokukhanya kwethemba, okuhlanganisa izimiso zokuziphatha komnotho oyindilinga kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo okunesibopho.Izinto ezibolayo eziphilayo zihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezigaba, ngasinye sinikela ngokuhlukile ekwehliseni umthelela wendawo.
1.PHA
I-Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ama-polymers angaboli ahlanganiswe ama-microorganisms, ngokuvamile amagciwane, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Yakhiwe ngama-monomers e-hydroxyalkanoic acid, i-PHA iphawuleka ngokuwohloka kwayo kwemvelo, ukutholakala okuvuselelekayo okuvela kushukela wezitshalo, kanye nezakhiwo zempahla eguquguqukayo. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisukela emaphaketheni kuye kumishini yezokwelapha, i-PHA imelela enye indlela ethembisayo eco-friendly kumapulasitiki avamile, nakuba ibhekene nezinselele eziqhubekayo ekungabizini kwezindleko nasekukhiqizeni ngezinga elikhulu.
2.PLA
I-Polylactic Acid (PLA) iyi-biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic etholakala ezinsizeni ezivuselelekayo ezifana nesitashi sombila noma umoba. I-PLA, eyaziwa ngokuba sobala kanye ne-crystalline, ikhombisa izakhiwo ezincomekayo zemishini. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukupakishwa, izindwangu, kanye namadivayisi we-biomedical, i-PLA igujwa ngokuhambelana kwayo kwezinto eziphilayo kanye namandla okunciphisa umthelela wemvelo. Njengenye indlela esimeme kumapulastiki endabuko, i-PLA ihambisana nokugcizelela okwandayo kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo eco-friendly ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polylactic acid ayinakho ukungcola futhi umkhiqizo uyabola. Ibona umjikelezo emvelweni futhi iyimpahla ye-polymer eluhlaza.
3.I-Cellulose
I-Cellulose, etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo, iyinto eguquguqukayo eya ngokuya ithola ukunakwa embonini yokupakisha. Njengomthombo ovuselelekayo futhi omningi, i-cellulose inikeza enye indlela esimeme kuzinto ezijwayelekile zokupakisha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthathwe ku-pulp yokhuni, ukotini, noma izinsalela zezolimo, ukupakishwa okusekelwe ku-cellulose kunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa.Ukupakishwa okusekelwe ku-Cellulose kungokwemvelo ukubola, ukuphuka ngokwemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwakheka okuthile kungabuye kuklanywe ukuthi kuhlanganiswe, kube nomthelela ekwehliseni imfucuza yemvelo.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokupakisha zendabuko, izinketho ezisekelwe ku-cellulose zivame ukuba ne-carbon footprint ephansi.
4.PPC
I-Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC) iyi-polymer ye-thermoplastic ehlanganisa izakhiwo ze-polypropylene nalezo ze-polycarbonate. Kuyi-bio-based and biodegradable material, enikeza enye indlela evumelana nemvelo kumapulasitiki endabuko. I-PPC isuselwa ku-carbon dioxide kanye ne-propylene oxide, okwenza kube inketho evuselelekayo neqhubekayo.I-PPC yakhelwe ukuthi ikwazi ukubola ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukuyivumela ukuthi ihlukane ibe izingxenye zemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunomthelela ekwehleni komthelela kwezemvelo.
5.PHB
I-Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) i-biodegradable and bio-based polyester eyingxenye yomndeni wama-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). I-PHB ihlanganiswa amagciwane ahlukahlukene njengento yokugcina amandla. Kuyaphawuleka ngokubola kwayo, ukutholakala okuvuselelekayo, kanye nemvelo ye-thermoplastic, okuyenza ibe yikhandidethi elithembisayo ekufuneni ezinye izindlela ezisimeme esikhundleni sepulasitiki yendabuko. I-PHB ngokwemvelo iyakwazi ukubola, okusho ukuthi ingahlukaniswa ngama-microorganisms ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okunomthelela ekunciphiseni umthelela wemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki angaboli.
6.Isitashi
Emkhakheni wokupakisha, isitashi sidlala indima ebalulekile njengento esimeme futhi ebolayo, enikeza ezinye izindlela ezivumelana nemvelo kumapulasitiki avamile. Kususelwa emithonjeni yezitshalo, ukupakishwa okusekelwe kwisitashi kuhambisana nomzamo womhlaba wonke wokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezinto zokupakisha.
7.PBAT
I-PBAT i-biodegradable futhi i-compostable polymer yomndeni wama-aliphatic-aromatic copolyester. Lokhu kwaziswa okuguquguqukayo kuklanyelwe ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kwemvelo okuhlobene namapulasitiki endabuko, okuhlinzeka ngenye indlela esimeme kakhudlwana. I-PBAT ingatholwa ezinsizeni ezivuselelekayo, ezifana nezitshalo zokuphakelayo ezisekelwe ezitshalweni. Lokhu kuthola okuvuselelekayo kuhambisana nomgomo wokunciphisa ukuncika ezinsizeni ezinomkhawulo zezinsalela. Futhi yakhelwe ukuwohloka kwemvelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo. Ama-microorganisms adiliza i-polymer ibe yimikhiqizo yemvelo, okunomthelela ekunciphiseni udoti wepulasitiki.
Ukwethulwa kwezinto ezibolayo ezibolayo kuphawula ushintsho olukhulu ezindleleni ezisimeme ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo, ezitholakala emithonjeni evuselelekayo, zinamandla angokwemvelo okubola ngokwemvelo, okunciphisa umthelela wendawo. Izibonelo eziphawulekayo zifaka i-Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), i-Polylactic Acid (PLA), ne-Polypropylene Carbonate (PPC), ngayinye enikeza izici ezihlukile njengokubola kwe-biodegradability, ukutholakala okuvuselelekayo, kanye nokuhlukahluka. Ukwamukela izinto ezibolayo ezibolayo kuhambisana nomgomo womhlaba wonke wokuthola ezinye izindlela ezivumelana nemvelo esikhundleni sepulasitiki yendabuko, kubhekwana nokukhathazeka okuhlobene nokungcoliswa komhlaba kanye nokuqedwa kwezinsiza. Lezi zinsiza zithola izinhlelo zokusebenza emaphaketheni, ezindwangu, nasezinsizeni zezokwelapha, okunikela emnothweni oyindilinga lapho imikhiqizo yakhelwe kucatshangelwa ukucatshangelwa kwayo kokuphela kwempilo. Naphezu kwezinselele ezifana nokungabizi kahle nokukhiqiza ngezinga elikhulu, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinto ezibolayo, okugqugquzela ikusasa elizinzile neliqaphela imvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-07-2023