Noma yini eyayikade iphila ingafakwa umquba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa udoti wokudla, izinto eziphilayo, nezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziwumphumela wokugcinwa, ukulungiswa, ukupheka, ukuphatha, ukuthengisa, noma ukuphakelwa kokudla. Njengoba amabhizinisi amaningi kanye nabathengi begxila ekusimameni, ukwenza umquba kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni imfucuza kanye nokuthatha ikhabhoni. Uma kwenziwa umquba, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-composting yasekhaya kanye ne-composting yasezimbonini.
I-Industrial Composting
Ukwenza umquba wasezimbonini kuyinqubo ephethwe ngendlela esebenzayo echaza kokubili imvelo kanye nobude besikhathi senqubo (esikhungweni sokwenza umquba wezimboni, esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-180, isilinganiso esifanayo nesezinto zemvelo - njengamaqabunga neziqeshana zotshani). Imikhiqizo evundisiwe eqinisekisiwe yenzelwe ukuthi ingaphazamisi inqubo yokwenza umquba. Njengoba amagciwane ephula lezi nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ukushisa, amanzi, isikhutha, ne-biomass kuyakhululwa futhi akukho pulasitiki osala ngemuva.
Ukwenza umquba ezimbonini kuyinqubo elawulwa ngenkuthalo lapho izici ezibalulekile zibhekwa khona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuwohloka kwemvelo okuphumelelayo nokuphelele. Ama-composters aqapha i-pH, i-carbon ne-nitrogen ratios, izinga lokushisa, amazinga omswakama, nokunye ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho.I-Industrial composting iqinisekisa ukuwohloka okuphelele kwe-biodegradation futhi kuyindlela esimeme kakhulu yokulahla imfucumfucu yemvelo efana nezinsalela zokudla kanye nemfucumfucu yasegcekeni.Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokwenziwa komquba wezimboni ukuthi i-industrial compost iyasiza ekususeni ukudla okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, ukuphambukisa i-yard triover kanye nokususa ukudla okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. izindawo zokulahla imfucuza. Lokhu kubalulekile njengoba imfucuza eluhlaza enganakiwe izobola futhi ikhiqize igesi ye-methane. I-Methane iyigesi ebamba ukushisa eyingozi enomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
I-Composting Yasekhaya
Ukwenza umquba wasekhaya kuyinqubo yebhayoloji lapho ama-microorganisms eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane zidiliza izinto eziphilayo ezinjengamaqabunga, izicucu zotshani kanye nezinsalela ezithile zasekhishini zibe umkhiqizo ofana nomhlabathi okuthiwa umquba. Kuwuhlobo lokugaywa kabusha, indlela yemvelo yokubuyisela imisoco edingekayo emhlabathini. Ngokufaka umquba izinsalela zasekhishinid ekhaya, ungakwazi ukonga indawo yokulahla imfucumfucu ebalulekile evame ukusetshenziselwa ukulahla le nto futhi usize ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya okuvela ezitshalweni zokushisisa ezishisa udoti. Eqinisweni, uma wenza umquba ngokuqhubekayo, umthamo kadoti owukhiqizayo ungancishiswa ngo-25%! Ukwenza umquba kuyasebenza, kulula futhi kungaba lula futhi kungabizi kakhulu kunokupakisha lezi zibi futhi uziyise endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma esiteshini sokudlulisa.
Ngokusebenzisa umquba ubuyisela izinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhamzimba emhlabathini ngendlela esebenziseka kalula ezitshalweni. I-organic matter ithuthukisa ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokusiza ukuphula inhlabathi yobumba enzima ibe ukuthungwa okungcono, ngokwengeza amanzi kanye namandla okubamba izakhi emhlabathini oyisihlabathi, kanye nokwengeza imisoco ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi yakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthuthukisa impilo yezitshalo zakho. Izitshalo ezinempilo zisiza ukuhlanza umoya wethu futhi zilondoloze umhlabathi wethu. Uma unengadi, utshani, izihlahlana, noma amabhokisi okutshala, unokusebenzisa umquba.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Industrial composting kanye ne-Home composting
Zombili izinhlobo zokuvundisa zakha umquba onomsoco ekupheleni kwenqubo. I-composting yezimboni iyakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa kanye nokuzinza komquba ngokuqinile.
Ezingeni elilula, ukwenza umquba wasekhaya kukhiqiza inhlabathi ecebile ngezakhi ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemfucuza yemvelo efana nezinsalela zokudla, izinqamu zotshani, amaqabunga, nezikhwama zetiye. Lokhu kwenzeka esikhathini esiyizinyanga ngokujwayelekile emgqonyeni womquba ongemuva kwendlu, noma emigqonyeni yomquba wasekhaya. Kodwa, izimo namazinga okushisa okwenziwa komquba wasekhaya ngokudabukisayo ngeke kubhidlize imikhiqizo ye-PLA bioplastic.
Yilapho-ke siphendukela kumanyolo wezimboni – okuyizinyathelo eziningi, inqubo yokwenza umquba eqashwe ngeso lokhozi enezinto ezilinganisiwe zamanzi, umoya, kanye nezinto ezinothe ngekhabhoni nenitrogen. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwenza umquba wezohwebo - zonke zithuthukisa isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo yokubola, ngokulawula isimo esinjengokuhlakazeka kwempahla kube usayizi ofanayo noma ukulawula amazinga okushisa nawe-oxygen. Lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukuwohloka ngokushesha kwezinto eziphilayo zibe umquba wekhwalithi ephezulu, ongenabo ubuthi.
Nansi imiphumela yokuhlolwa okuqhathanisa umquba wezimboni nomquba wasekhaya
| I-Industrial Composting | I-Composting Yasekhaya | |
| Isikhathi | Izinyanga ezi-3-4 (zinde kakhulu: izinsuku eziyi-180) | Izinyanga ezi-3-13(zinde kakhulu:izinyanga eziyi-12) |
| Okujwayelekile | ISO 14855 | |
| Izinga lokushisa | 58±2℃ | 25±5℃ |
| Umbandela | Izinga lokuwohloka ngokuphelele ngu-90%;Izinga lokuwohloka kwesihlobo＞90% | |
Kodwa-ke, ukwenza umquba ekhaya kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokunciphisa udoti nokubuyisela ikhabhoni emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza umquba wasekhaya akunakho ukuvumelana kanye nokulawulwa kwezindawo zokuvundisa zezimboni. Ukupakishwa kwe-Bioplastic (ngisho nalapho kuhlanganiswe nemfucumfucu yokudla) kudinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu kunalawo angafinyelelwa noma agcinwe esimweni somquba wasekhaya. Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zokudla, i-bioplastics, kanye ne-organic diversion, i-composting yezimboni ukuphela okuzinzile futhi okuphumelelayo kwemvelo yokuphila.
Feel free to discuss with William: williamchan@yitolibrary.com
I-Biodegradable Packaging - I-HuiZhou YITO Packaging Co., Ltd.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-22-2023