Isingeniso Selogo Yesitifiketi Se-Biodegradation Ngayinye

Izinkinga zemvelo ezibangelwa ukulahlwa okungafanele kwamapulasitiki angcolile sezivele zagqama kakhulu, futhi seziphenduke isihloko esikhathazayo emhlabeni jikelele. Uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki avamile, isici esikhulu kunazo zonke samapulasitiki abolayo ukuthi angonakaliswa ngokushesha abe amanzi angenabungozi emvelweni kanye ne-carbon dioxide ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo zemvelo noma izimo zokuvundisa, futhi angasetshenziswa njengezinto ezilahlwayo ezithatha indawo yepulasitiki ezingaphinde zisetshenziswe futhi ezingcoliswe ukungcola. imikhiqizo, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo.

Njengamanje, imikhiqizo eminingi emakethe iphrintiwe noma ibhalwe ngokuthi "okubolayo", "okubolayo", futhi namuhla sizokuthatha ukuze uqonde ukulebula kanye nesitifiketi samapulasitiki angaboli.

I-Industrial Composting

1.Japan BioPlastics Association

I-Biodegradable Plastics Society, Japan (BPS) isiguqule igama laba yi-Japan BioPlastics Association (JBPA) ngomhla ka-15 Juni 2007. I-Japan BioPlastics Association (JBPA) yasungulwa ngo-1989 Japan njengegama le-Biodegradable Plastics Society, Japan (BPS). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, enezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-200 zobulungu, i-JBPA ibilokhu yenza imizamo eminingi yokukhuthaza ukuqashelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi "I-Biodegradable Plastics" kanye "Ne-Biomas-based Plastics" eJapane. I-JBPA igcina isisekelo sokubambisana esiseduze ne-US (BPI), EU (European Bioplastics) , China (BMG) kanye neKorea futhi iqhubeka nengxoxo nabo mayelana nezinto ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe, njengendlela yokuhlaziya yokuhlola ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukucaciswa kwemikhiqizo, ukuqashelwa. kanye nesistimu yokulebula njll. Sicabanga ukuthi ukuxhumana okuseduze endaweni yase-Asia kubaluleke kakhulu ikakhulukazi okuhlobene nomsebenzi wentuthuko esheshayo kulezi zindawo.

2.Biodegradable Product Institute

I-BPI iyisiphathimandla esiholayo emikhiqizweni ehlanganiswayo kanye nokupakishwa eNyakatho Melika. Yonke imikhiqizo egunyazwe i-BPI ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-ASTM zokuvundisa, ingaphansi kwemibandela yokufaneleka ngokuxhunywa kwezinsalela zokudla kanye nokusikwa kwegceke, ihlangabezane nemikhawulo ye-fluorine isiyonke (PFAS), futhi kufanele ibonise Uphawu Lokugunyazwa kwe-BPI. Uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi lwe-BPI lusebenza ngokuhambisana nemizamo yezemfundo neyokumela eklanyelwe ukusiza ukugcina izinsalela zokudla nezinye izinto eziphilayo zingangeni ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza.

I-BPI ihlelwa njengenhlangano engenzi nzuzo esekwe kulungu, ibuswa Ibhodi Labaqondisi, futhi iqhutshwa abasebenzi abazinikele abasebenza emahhovisi asekhaya kulo lonke elase-United States.

3.Deutsches Institut für Normung

I-DIN isiphathimandla sokumisa esiqashelwa uHulumeni Wombuso WaseJalimane futhi imele i-Germany emigwaqweni engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni yesifunda neyamazwe ngamazwe yamazinga athuthukisa futhi ashicilele amazinga aseJalimane neminye imiphumela yokumiswa futhi akhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Amazinga athuthukiswe yi-DIN ahlanganisa cishe yonke imikhakha efana nobunjiniyela bokwakha, izimayini, i-metallurgy, imboni yamakhemikhali, ubunjiniyela bakagesi, ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ezempilo, ukuvikelwa komlilo, ezokuthutha, ukugcinwa kwendlu nokunye. Ekupheleni kuka-1998, izindinganiso ezingu-25,000 zase zithuthukisiwe futhi zakhishwa, namazinga angaba ngu-1,500 athuthukisiwe unyaka ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwe-80% yazo yamukelwe amazwe ase-Europe.

I-DIN ijoyine i-International Organization for Standardization ngo-1951. I-German Electrotechnical Commission (DKE), eyakhiwe ngokuhlanganyela yi-DIN kanye ne-German Institute of Electrical Engineers (VDE), imele iJalimane ku-International Electrotechnical Commission. I-DIN futhi iyiKomiti YaseYurophu Yokumisa kanye ne-European Electrical Standard.

4.European Bioplastics

I-Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) kanye ne-European Bioplastics (EUBP) yethule uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi zezinto ezibolayo, ezivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi isitifiketi selogo yeSithombo. Isitifiketi sisekelwe kumazinga we-EN 13432 kanye ne-ASTM D6400 wezinto zokwakha, izithasiselo nezimaphakathi ngokubhaliswa kokuhlola, kanye nemikhiqizo ngendlela yesitifiketi. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nemikhiqizo ebhalisiwe futhi yaqinisekiswa ingathola amamaki esitifiketi.

5.I-Australasian Bioplastics Association

I-ABA izinikele ekuthuthukiseni amapulasitiki avuthwayo futhi asekelwe kwizinsiza ezivuselelekayo.

I-ABA iphethe uhlelo lokuqinisekisa ngokuzithandela, lwezinkampani noma abantu abafisa ukuqinisekiswa izimangalo zabo zokuthobela i-Australian Standard 4736-2006, amapulasitiki abolayo - “Amapulasitiki abolayo afanele ukwenziwa umquba nokunye ukwelashwa okungama-microbial” (Australian Standard AS 4736-2006) .

I-ABA yethule uhlelo lwayo lokuqinisekisa lwezinkampani ezifisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela I-Home Composting Australian Standard, AS 5810-2010, “Amapulasitiki angabodegradable alungele ukwenziwa komquba wasekhaya” (Australian Standard AS 5810-2010).

I-Association isebenza njengendawo yokuxhumana kwabezindaba, uhulumeni, izinhlangano zezemvelo kanye nomphakathi, ezindabeni eziphathelene ne-bioplastics.