Yini Okufanele Siyenze Ngezinto Ezilahliwe?

Lapho abantu becabanga ngokuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile, cishe bakuhlobanisa nodoti olahlwa ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma oshisiwe. Nakuba imisebenzi enjalo ihlanganisa ingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo, izakhi ezihlukahlukene ziyabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile oludidiyelwe oludidiyelwe (i-ISWM). Isibonelo, amasu okwelapha asebenza ukunciphisa umthamo kanye nobuthi bemfucuza eqinile. Lezi zinyathelo zingayiguqula ibe ifomu elilungele ukulahlwa. Izindlela zokwelashwa nezindlela zokulahla imfucuza zikhethiwe futhi zisetshenziswe ngokusekelwe efomini, ukwakheka, kanye nenani lezinto ezilahlwayo.

Nazi izindlela ezinkulu zokwelashwa nezindlela zokulahla imfucuza:

23405746_1953349674932539_6655836021756150616_o-1-1024x683

Ukwelashwa Okushisayo

Ukwelashwa kwemfucuza eshisayo kubhekisela ezinkambisweni ezisebenzisa ukushisa ukwelapha udoti. Okulandelayo ezinye zezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokwelapha imfucuza eshisayo:

Ukushiswa kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwelapha imfucuza. Le ndlela ihilela ukushiswa kwezinto ezilahlwayo lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo. Le ndlela yokwelapha eshisayo ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokubuyisela amandla kagesi noma ukufudumeza. Le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningana. Inciphisa ngokushesha umthamo wemfucuza, inciphise izindleko zokuhamba futhi inciphise ukukhishwa kwesisi esiyingozi esibamba ukushisa.

I-Gasification ne-Pyrolysis yizindlela ezimbili ezifanayo, zombili ezibolisa imfucuza yezinto eziphilayo ngokubeka imfucuza enanini eliphansi lomoya-mpilo kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu. I-Pyrolysis ayisebenzisi nhlobo umoya-mpilo ngenkathi ukufakwa kwegesi kuvumela inani eliphansi kakhulu le-oxygen kule nqubo. I-Gasification inenzuzo kakhulu njengoba ivumela inqubo evuthayo ukubuyisela amandla ngaphandle kokubangela ukungcoliswa komoya.

I-Open Burning yindlela yokwelapha imfucuza eshisayo eyifa eyingozi emvelweni. Izishisi ezisetshenziswa kule nqubo azinazo izinto zokulawula ukungcola. Bakhipha izinto ezifana ne-hexachlorobenzene, ama-dioxin, i-carbon monoxide, i-particle matter, ama-organic compounds aguquguqukayo, ama-polycyclic anuka kamnandi, kanye nomlotha. Ngeshwa, le ndlela isasetshenziswa yiziphathimandla eziningi zasendaweni emazweni ngamazwe, njengoba inikeza isisombululo esingabizi kudoti oqinile.

Izindawo zokulahla imfucuza kanye nezindawo zokulahla udoti

Izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu zinikeza isisombululo sokulahla imfucuza esisetshenziswa kakhulu. Lezi zindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu zifiswa ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa ubungozi bemvelo noma impilo yomphakathi ngenxa yokulahlwa kukadoti. Lezi zingosi zitholakala lapho izici zomhlaba zisebenza njengezivimbela zemvelo phakathi kwemvelo nendawo yokulahla imfucumfucu. Isibonelo, indawo yokulahla imfucumfucu ingaba nenhlabathi yobumba ekwazi ukumelana nemfucuza eyingozi noma ebonakala ngokungabi bikho kwamanzi angaphezulu noma itafula eliphansi lamanzi, okuvimbela ingozi yokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu kuveza ubungozi obuncane bezempilo kanye nemvelo, kodwa izindleko zokusungula izindawo ezinjalo zokulahla imfucumfucu ziphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa kunezinye izindlela zokulahla imfucuza.

Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okulawulwayo kucishe kufane nezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu. Lezi zimfucumfucu zihambisana nezidingo eziningi zokuba indawo yokulahla imfucumfucu ehlanzekile kodwa ingase intule eyodwa noma ezimbili. Ukulahla okunjalo kungase kube namandla ahlelwe kahle kodwa akukho ukuhlela kwamaseli. Kungase kungabi khona ukuphathwa kwegesi noma ingxenye ethile, ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi okuyisisekelo, noma ikhava evamile.

Ukulahlwa phansi kwe-Bioreactor kuwumphumela wocwaningo lwakamuva lwezobuchwepheshe. Lezi zindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu zisebenzisa izinqubo eziphakeme ze-microbiological ukusheshisa ukubola kwemfucuza. Isici esilawulayo siwukwengezwa okuqhubekayo koketshezi ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ofanele wokugaya kwamagciwane. Uketshezi lwengezwa ngokuzungeza kabusha i-leachate yokulahla imfucumfucu. Uma inani le-leachate linganele, kusetshenziswa udoti owuketshezi njengodaka lwendle.

I-Bioremediation

I-Bioremediation isebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukuze iphule futhi isuse ukungcola emhlabathini ongcolile noma emanzini. Ivamise ukusebenzela ukwelapha ukuchitheka kukawoyela, amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, nezinye izinhlobo zokungcola.Okuvamile ezindaweni ezingcolile kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zemfucuza eyingozi.

Ukwenza umquba kungenye indlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yokulahlwa kukadoti noma indlela yokwelapha okuwukubola okulawulwayo kwe-aerobic kokulahlwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngesenzo sezilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla kanye nama-microorganisms. Izindlela ezijwayeleke kakhulu zokwenza umquba zihlanganisa ukwenza umquba omile, ukwenza umquba wezilokazane, ukwenza umquba we-windrow kanye ne-composting engaphakathi kwemikhumbi.

I-Anaerobic Digestion iphinde isebenzise izinqubo zebhayoloji ukubola izinto eziphilayo. I-Anaerobic Digestion, nokho, isebenzisa indawo engenawo umoya-mpilo kanye nebhaktheriya ukuze ibole udoti lapho ukwenza umquba kufanele kube nomoya ukuze kukhule amagciwane.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezithile zemfucuza, izimiso zemvelo, nezimo zasendaweni lapho kukhethwa indlela efanele yokwelapha imfucuza kanye nendlela yokulahla. Izinhlelo ezididiyelwe zokulawulwa kwemfucuza ezihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kulungiswe imifudlana ehlukahlukene yemfucuza ngempumelelo. Ukwengeza, ukuqwashisa umphakathi nokubamba iqhaza emizamweni yokunciphisa imfucuza kanye nemizamo yokugaywa kabusha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni udoti esimeme.


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-20-2023