Lapho abantu becabanga ngokulawulwa kwemfucuza eqinile, kungenzeka bayihlonyise ngodoti belahlwe ekulahlekelweni komhlaba noma okushintshiwe. Yize lezo zinto zihlanganisa ingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo, izakhi ezahlukahlukene zibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kohlelo oluhlanganisiwe lokulawulwa kwemfucuza (ISWMM). Isibonelo, amasu okulashwa asebenza ukuze anciphise ivolumu kanye nobuthi bemfucuza eqinile. Lezi zinyathelo zingakuguqula kube yifomu elilula lokulahla. Ukwelapha imfucuza kanye nezindlela zokulahla kuyakhethwa futhi kusetshenziswe ngokususelwa kwifomu, ukwakheka, kanye nenani lezinto zokwakha imfucuza.
Nazi izindlela ezinkulu zokwelapha imfucuza nezindlela zokulahla:
Ukwelashwa okushisayo
Ukwelashwa kwemfucuza ye-Thermal kusho izinqubo ezisebenzisa ukushisa ukwelapha imfucuza. Ukulandela amanye amasu asetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwemfucuza okusetshenziswayo okusetshenziswa kakhulu:
Ukushiswa kungenye yezindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu imfucuza. Le ndlela ifaka ukuhlangana kwezinto zokungcola phambi komoya-mpilo. Le ndlela yokwelashwa eshisayo isetshenziswa njengendlela yokubuyisa amandla kagesi noma ukufudumeza. Le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningana. Ngokushesha yehlisa ivolumu yemfucuza, kunciphisa izindleko zokuhamba futhi kunciphise ukuphuma kwegesi okulimazelayo okulimazelayo.
I-Gatherification ne-Pyrolysis yizindlela ezimbili ezifanayo, zombili ezibola ngezinto zokungcola ze-organic ngokudalula imfucuza kumanani aphansi omoya-mpilo kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu. I-pyrolysis isebenzisa ngokuphelele i-oxygen ngenkathi i-gariation ivumela i-oksijini ephansi kakhulu kwinqubo. I-Gatherification inenzuzo ngokwengeziwe njengoba ivumela inqubo evuthayo yokuthola amandla ngaphandle kokubangela ukungcoliswa komoya.
I-Open Burning iyifa lemfucuza yemfucuza yemvelo eyingozi yemvelo. Ama-Incenerators asetshenziswa kuleyo nqubo awanawo amadivayisi wokulawulwa kokungcola. Bakhipha izinto ezifana ne-hexachlorobenzene, ama-dioxins, ama-carbon monoxide, udaba oluhlanganisiwe, amakhompiyutha athambile athambisayo, amakhompiyutha amnandi we-polycyclic. Ngeshwa, le ndlela isakwenziwa yiziphathimandla eziningi zasendaweni emhlabeni jikelele, ngoba inikeza isixazululo esishibhile ekungcoleni okuqinile.
Ukulahla nokulahlwa komhlaba
Ukugcwaliswa komhlaba okuhlanzekile kuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esisetshenziswa kakhulu sokulahla imfucuza. Lokhu kugcwala komhlaba kufiswa ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi zezempilo zemvelo noma zomphakathi ngenxa yokulahlwa kukadoti. Lezi zingosi zitholakala lapho izici zomhlaba zisebenza njengama-buffers emvelo phakathi kwemvelo kanye nokugcwaliswa komhlaba. Isibonelo, indawo yokugcwaliswa komhlaba ingakhiwa ngenhlabathi yobumba emelana nemfucumfucu enobungozi noma ibonakala ngokungabikho kwemizimba yamanzi angaphezulu noma itafula lamanzi aphansi, kuvimbela ubungozi bokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlanzeka komhlaba okuhlanzeka kuveza ubungozi obuncane bezempilo nezemvelo, kepha izindleko zokusungula ukugcwaliswa komhlaba okunjalo ziphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zokulahla imfucuza.
Ukulahlwa okulawulwayo kufana noma kuncane okufanayo nokugcwaliswa komhlaba okuhlanzekile. Lezi zilahla zihambisana nezidingo eziningi zokugcwaliswa komhlaba okuhlanzekile kepha kungahle kungaswele eyodwa noma ezimbili. Ukulahla okunjalo kungaba namandla ahlelwe kahle kepha akukho ukuhlelwa kwamaselula. Kungahle kube nokuphathwa kwegesi noma okuyingxenye, ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi ayisisekelo, noma ikhava ejwayelekile.
I-Bioreactor ukuthathwa komhlaba kungumphumela wokucwaninga kwakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kugcwala komhlaba kusebenzisa izinqubo eziphakeme ze-microbiological ukusheshisa ukuwohloka kukadoti. Isici esilawulayo isengezo esiqhubekayo soketshezi sokuxhasa umswakama ofanele wokugaya ama-microbial. Uketshezi lungezwa ngokujikeleza kabusha i-landfill leachate. Lapho inani le-leachate alinele, imfucumfucu eluhlaza efana ne-seage sludge isetshenziswa.
Umngele yokugcina
I-BIOREMediation isebenzisa ama-microorgadisms ukuze yephule bese ususa ukungcola kusuka enhlabathini engcolisiwe noma emanzini. Ngokuvamile kuqashwa ekwelapheni ukuchitheka kwamafutha, amanzi angcolile wezimboni, nezinye izindlela zokungcola) ngamasayithi angcolisiwe nezinhlobo ezithile zemfucuza eyingozi.
Ukuqamba kungenye indlela yokulahla imfucumfucu esetshenziswa kakhulu noma yokwelashwa okuwukuwohloka kwama-aerobic okulawulwayo kwezinto zokwakha imfucuza ye-organic ngesenzo sama-invertebrates amancane nama-microorganisms. Amasu okuhlanganisa ajwayelekile afaka phakathi i-Static Pile Composting, i-Vermin-Composting, Ukukhohlisa Windrow Composting kanye ne-In-Vessel Composting.
Ukugaya i-anaerobic kubuye kusetshenziswe izinqubo zebhayoloji ukunqanda izinto ze-organic. Ukugaya i-anaerobic, noma kunjalo, i-oksijini kanye ne-bacterium-free yemvelo ukubola imfucumfucu lapho umquba kufanele abe nomoya ukuze unike amandla ukukhula kwamagciwane.
Kubalulekile ukucubungula izici ezithile zemfucuza, imithetho yezemvelo, kanye nezimo zasendaweni lapho ukhetha umuthi ofanele wokulahla imfucuza kanye nendlela yokulahla. Izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zokulawula imfucuza ezihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zivame ukuqashwa ukubhekana nemifudlana ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene ngempumelelo. Ngokwengeziwe, ukuqwashisa umphakathi kanye nokuzibandakanya ekunciphiseni imfucumfucu kanye nemizamo yokuvuselela kabusha idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwemfucuza esimeme.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-20-2023