Ayini amaPlastiki Asetshenziswa Ngalinye Futhi Kufanele Avinjelwe?
NgoJuni 2021, Ikhomishini yakhipha imihlahlandlela ngemikhiqizo ye-SUP ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izimfuneko zomyalelo zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele nangokufana kuyo yonke i-EU. Imihlahlandlela icacisa imigomo eyinhloko esetshenziswe kumyalelo futhi inikeza izibonelo zemikhiqizo ye-SUP ewela ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kobubanzi bayo.
Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari 2020, iChina yajoyina inhlangano ekhulayo yamazwe angaphezu kwe-120 ethembisa ukuvimbela amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye. Izwe elinezakhamuzi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.4 liyinombolo 1 ekhiqiza imfucuza yepulasitiki emhlabeni. Inyuke ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-60 (amathani ayizigidi ezingama-54.4) ngo-2010 ngokususelwa embikweni kaSepthemba 2018 onesihloko esithi “Plastic Pollution.”
Kodwa i-China yamemezela ukuthi ihlela ukwenqabela ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kwezikhwama ezingaboli ekupheleni kuka-2020 emadolobheni amakhulu (nakuyo yonke indawo ngo-2022), kanye notshani obusetshenziswa kanye ngasekupheleni kuka-2020. Izimakethe ezithengisa umkhiqizo zizoba kuze kube ngu-2025 alandele.
Umkhankaso wokuvimbela upulasitiki waqala inkundla ngo-2018 ngokukhushulwa okukhulu njengomkhankaso owawina imiklomelo othi #StopSucking, owawuhlanganisa izihlabani ezifana nomdlali wasemuva we-NFL u-Tom Brady nomkakhe u-Gisele Bündchen kanye nomlingisi waseHollywood u-Adrian Grenier ababezibophezele ekuyekeni basebenzise izitsha zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye. Manje amazwe nezinkampani zithi cha kumapulasitiki ngamadlanzana, futhi abathengi balandela nawo.
Njengoba umnyakazo wokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki ufinyelela ingqopha-mlando - njengesimemezelo sakamuva sase-China - sinqume ukuchaza amabhodlela, izikhwama notshani obudala lo msindo womhlaba.
Okuqukethwe
Iyini Ipulasitiki Yokusetshenziswa Okukodwa?
Ipulasitiki Ingasidlula Sonke
Asikwazi Ukuvele Sisebenzise Ipulasitiki Esetshenziswa Ngawodwa?
Iyini Ipulasitiki Yokusetshenziswa Okukodwa?
Ngokuvumelana negama layo, ipulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye kuphela ipulasitiki elahlwayo eklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa lapho bese iphonswa noma igaywe kabusha. Lokhu kufaka phakathi yonke into kusukela emabhodleleni eziphuzo zamanzi epulasitiki kanye nokukhiqiza izikhwama kuya ezinsingo zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo kanye neribhoni yepulasitiki - ngempela noma iyiphi into yepulasitiki oyisebenzisayo bese uyilahla ngokushesha. Nakuba lezi zinto zingakwazi ukugaywa kabusha, u-Megean Weldon webhulogi kanye nesitolo sokuvimbela udoti u-Zero Waste Nerd uthi lokho akuyona into evamile.
"Eqinisweni, zimbalwa kakhulu izinto zepulasitiki ezingacutshungulwa zibe izinto ezintsha nemikhiqizo," esho ku-imeyili. “Ngokungafani nengilazi ne-aluminium, ipulasitiki ayicutshungulwa entweni efanayo naleyo eyayiyiyo lapho iqoqwa isikhungo sokugaywa kabusha. Izinga lepulasitiki lehlisiwe, ngakho ekugcineni, futhi nakanjani, lowo pulasitiki usazophelela endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu.”
Thatha ibhodlela lamanzi lepulasitiki. Amabhodlela amaningi athi angagaywa kabusha - futhi asekelwe kuphela ekwakhiweni kwawo okugaywa kabusha kwe-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), angaba njalo. Kodwa cishe amabhodlela ayisikhombisa kwayi-10 agcina egcwele izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu noma elahlwe njengodoti. Le nkinga yanda lapho i-China inquma ukuyeka ukwamukela kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki ngo-2018. Komasipala, lokho kwakusho ukuthi ukugaywa kabusha kwaba kubiza kakhulu, ngokusho kwe-The Atlantic, omasipala abaningi manje sebevele bakhethe ukulahla phansi okulungele isabelomali esikhundleni sokugaywa kabusha.
Bhatanisa le ndlela yokuqala yokulahla imfucumfucu nokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki okukhula njalo emhlabeni - abantu bakhiqiza amabhodlela epulasitiki acishe abe ngu-20,000 ngomzuzwana, ngokusho kweThe Guardian and America's waste ikhule ngamaphesenti angu-4.5 kusukela ngo-2010 kuya ku-2015 - akumangalisi ukuthi umhlaba ugcwele imfucumfucu yepulasitiki. .
amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye
Amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanyekanye ahlanganisa izinto eziningi ongase ungazicabangeli, njengama-cotton buds, ama-razor kanye nama-prophylactics.
U-SERGI ESCRIBANO/GETTY IMAGES
Ipulasitiki Ingasidlula Sonke
Ucabanga ukuthi ukuvimba wonke lo pulasitiki kuwukuzikhohlisa? Kunezizathu eziqinile zokuthi kungani kunengqondo. Okokuqala, amapulasitiki asezindlini zokulahla imfucumfucu ayisuki. NgokukaWeldon, isikhwama sepulasitiki sithatha iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwengama-20 ukwehliswa, kuyilapho ibhodlela lepulasitiki lithatha cishe iminyaka engama-500. Futhi, ngisho nalapho “isihambile,” izinsalela zayo zisekhona.
“Ipulasitiki ayiboli noma ihambe; igqekeza ibe yizicucu ezincane nezincane kuze kube yizicucu ezincane kakhulu ezingatholakala emoyeni wethu nasemanzini ethu okuphuza,” kusho uKathryn Kellogg, umbhali nomsunguli wesizindalwazi sokuncishiswa kwemfucuza i-Going Zero Waste, kusho nge-imeyili.
Ezinye izitolo zokudla zishintshele ezikhwameni zokuthenga zepulasitiki ezingaboli njengendlela yokuhlangana nabathengi phakathi nendawo, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lesi akusona neze isixazululo esihlakaniphile. Olunye ucwaningo oluvela kubacwaningi eNyuvesi yasePlymouth eNgilandi lwahlaziya izikhwama zepulasitiki zegrosa ezisetshenziswa kanyekanye ezingama-80 ezenziwe ngepulasitiki ebolayo phakathi neminyaka emithathu. Umgomo wabo? Thola ukuthi lezi zikhwama "zazingaboli kanjani" ngempela. Abakutholile kwashicilelwa kujenali ethi Environmental Science & Technology.
Umhlabathi namanzi olwandle akuzange kuholele ekulimaleni kwezikhwama. Esikhundleni salokho, izinhlobo ezintathu kwezine zezikhwama ezibolayo zazisaqinile ngokwanele ukubamba amakhilogremu angu-5 (amakhilogremu angu-2.2) okuthenga (njengoba kwakunjalo nezikhwama ezingaboli). Lezo ezichayeke elangeni ziye zashona - kodwa lokho akulungile nakho. Izinhlayiya ezincane zokonakala zingasakazeka ngokushesha endaweni ezungezile - cabanga emoyeni, ulwandle noma isisu sezilwane ezilambile ezenza iphutha lezingcezwana zepulasitiki njengokudla.
Asikwazi Ukuvele Sisebenzise Ipulasitiki Esetshenziswa Ngawodwa?
Esinye isizathu sokuthi amazwe amaningi avimbele amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye kuphela ukuthi akufanele aphinde asetshenziswe, ngaphandle kwezinhloso zethu ezinhle. Njengoba omasipala abaningi bebona kusengaphambili ukugaywa kabusha, kuyalingeka ukuthi uzibambele mathupha ngokuphinda usebenzise (futhi “ngokwenza kabusha”) amabhodlela epulasitiki neziqukathi. Ngokuqinisekile, lokhu kungase kusebenze izikhwama, kodwa ochwepheshe bathi qaphela uma kuziwa emabhodleleni epulasitiki noma iziqukathi zokudla. Ucwaningo olulodwa ku-Environmental Health Perspectives lubonise ukuthi wonke amapulasitiki asetshenziswa ezitsheni zokudla namabhodlela epulasitiki angakhipha amakhemikhali ayingozi uma esetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. (Lokhu kuhlanganisa nalezo okuthiwa azinayo i-bisphenol A [BPA] - ikhemikhali eyimpikiswano ehlanganiswe nokuphazamiseka kwamahomoni.)
Nakuba abacwaningi besahlaziya ukuphepha kokusetshenziswa kabusha kwepulasitiki okuphindaphindiwe, ochwepheshe batusa ingilazi noma insimbi ukuze kugwenywe amakhemikhali angaba yingozi. Futhi ngokusho kuka-Weldon, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi sithathe umqondo wokusebenzisa kabusha - kungaba izikhwama zokukhiqiza ukotini, izitsha zensimbi engagqwali noma imfucuza egcwele iqanda.
“Okubi kakhulu nganoma iyiphi into esetshenziswa kanye wukuthi sinciphisa into ethile size sihlose ukuyilahla,” kusho yena. “Isiko lokunethezeka likwenze kwaba ngokwejwayelekile lokhu kuziphatha okulimazayo futhi ngenxa yalokho, sikhiqiza izigidi zamathani akho njalo ngonyaka. Uma sishintsha indlela esicabanga ngayo ngalokho esikudlayo, sizobe sesikwazi kakhudlwana ngopulasitiki osetshenziswa kanye kuphela nokuthi singawugwema kanjani.”
I-compostable noma i-recyclabe package?
P.S. contents mostly from Stephanie Vermillion , If there is any offensive feel free to contact with William : williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-10-2023