Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuyinselelo yemvelo ekhathaza umhlaba wonke. Amazwe amaningi ayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izindlela “zomkhawulo wepulasitiki”, acwaninga ngenkuthalo futhi athuthukise futhi akhuthaze eminye imikhiqizo, aqhubeke nokuqinisa isiqondiso senqubomgomo, athuthukise ukuqwashisa amabhizinisi nomphakathi ngokulimala kokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki futhi abambe iqhaza ekuqwashiseni ngepulasitiki. ukulawula ukunukubezeka, futhi kugqugquzele ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza kanye nendlela yokuphila.
Yini ipulasitiki?
Amapulasitiki ayikilasi lezinto ezakhiwe ngama-polymers amangqamuzana okwenziwa noma ama-semi-synthetic aphezulu. Lawa ma-polymers angakhiwa ngokusabela kwe-polymerization, kuyilapho ama-monomers angaba imikhiqizo ye-petrochemical noma izinhlanganisela zemvelaphi yemvelo. Amapulasitiki avame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ze-thermoplastic kanye ne-thermosetting, enesisindo esilula, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukwahlukanisa okuhle, ipulasitiki eqinile nezinye izici. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamapulasitiki zifaka i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polystyrene, njll., esetshenziswa kakhulu emaphaketheni, ekwakhiweni, ezokwelapha, e-electronics nasezindaweni zezimoto. Kodwa-ke, njengoba amapulasitiki kunzima ukuwohloka, ukusetshenziswa kwawo isikhathi eside kuphakamisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nezinkinga zokusimama.
Singaphila impilo yethu yansuku zonke ngaphandle kwepulasitiki?
Ipulasitiki ingangena kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nokuqina kwayo okuhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho ipulasitiki isetshenziselwa ukupakisha ukudla, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthibela amagesi kanye noketshezi, ingakwazi ukwandisa ngokuphumelelayo isikhathi seshelufu sokudla, ukunciphisa izinkinga zokuphepha kokudla kanye nokuchithwa kokudla. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ngathi ukususa ipulasitiki ngokuphelele. Nakuba kunezinketho eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, ezifana ne-bamboo, ingilazi, insimbi, indwangu, i-compostable kanye ne-biodegradable, kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe ukuze kushintshwe zonke.
Ngeshwa, ngeke sikwazi ukuvimba upulasitiki ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho sekukhona ezinye izindlela zayo yonke into kusukela ezintweni zokwakha nezifakelo zezokwelapha kuya kumabhodlela amanzi namathoyizi.
Izinyathelo ezithathwe amazwe ngamanye
Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngezingozi zepulasitiki sekukhulile, amazwe amaningi athuthela ekuvimbeleni izikhwama zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye/noma ukukhokhisa imali ukuze kugqugquzelwe abantu ukuthi bashintshele kwezinye izinketho. Ngokwemibhalo yeNhlangano Yezizwe kanye nemibiko eminingi yemithombo yezindaba, amazwe angama-77 emhlabeni jikelele avalile, avala kancane noma akhokhisa intela izikhwama zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye.
France
Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2023, izindawo zokudlela ezisheshayo zase-French zingenise "umkhawulo wepulasitiki" omusha - i-tableware yepulasitiki elahlwayo kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe kabusha i-tableware. Lona umthetho omusha eFrance wokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki emkhakheni wokudla ngemuva kokuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwamabhokisi okufaka epulasitiki kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuhlinzekwa kwezitsha zepulasitiki.
Thailand
I-Thailand ivimbele imikhiqizo yepulasitiki efana nama-microbead epulasitiki namapulasitiki awonakaliswa yi-oxidation ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, yayeka ukusebenzisa izikhwama zepulasitiki ezingasindi ezinogqinsi olungaphansi kwama-microns angama-36, utshani bepulasitiki, amabhokisi okudla e-styrofoam, izinkomishi zepulasitiki, njll., futhi yafinyelela umgomo. kokungu-100% okugaywe kabusha kukadoti wepulasitiki ngo-2027. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba 2019, i-Thailand yagunyaza isiphakamiso "sokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki" esihlongozwe uMnyango Wezemvelo Nemvelo, ukuvimbela izikhungo ezinkulu zokuthenga nezitolo ezitholakala kalula ekuhlinzekeni izikhwama zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari, 2020.
EJalimane
EJalimane, amabhodlela esiphuzo sepulasitiki azomakwa ngepulasitiki evuselelekayo engu-100% endaweni evelele, amabhisikidi, ukudla okulula, i-pasta nezinye izikhwama zokudla nazo seziqalile ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamapulasitiki avuselelekayo, ngisho nasendaweni yokugcina impahla esitolo, amafilimu omkhiqizo wokupakisha. , amabhokisi epulasitiki nama-pallets okulethwa, nawo enziwe ngamapulasitiki avuselelekayo. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki eJalimane kuhlobene nokuduma okwandayo kwemiqondo yokuvikela imvelo kanye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokupakishwa komkhiqizo eJalimane nase-European Union. Inqubo iyakhula ngesivinini phakathi kwamanani aphezulu kagesi. Njengamanje, iJalimane izama ukuqhubekisela phambili ukukhuthaza "umkhawulo wepulasitiki" ekwehliseni inani lokupakishwa, ukukhuthaza ukuqaliswa kokupakishwa okusebenziseka kabusha, ukunweba ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-loop evaliwe yekhwalithi ephezulu, kanye nokusetha izinkomba zokugaywa kabusha eziphoqelekile zokupakishwa kwepulasitiki. Umnyakazo waseJalimane uba yindinganiso ebalulekile e-EU.
China
Kusukela ngo-2008, i-China yasebenzisa "i-plastic limit order", evimbela ukukhiqizwa, ukuthengiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki ezinogqinsi olungaphansi kuka-0.025 mm ezweni lonke, nazo zonke izitolo ezinkulu, izitolo ezinkulu, izimakethe nezinye izindawo zokudayisa. abavunyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngezikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki mahhala.
Indlela yokwenza kahle?
Uma kukhulunywa 'ngendlela yokwenza kahle', lokho kuncike ekuthathweni kwamazwe nohulumeni bawo. Izindlela ezihlukile zePlastiki namasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki noma ukwandisa ukufakwa komquba kuhle, noma kunjalo, zidinga ukuthengwa kubantu ukuze basebenze.
Ekugcineni, noma yiliphi isu elithatha indawo yepulasitiki, livimbele amapulasitiki athile njengokusetshenziswa okukodwa, elikhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha noma ukwenza umquba futhi lifune ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ipulasitiki liyoba nomthelela omuhle kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-12-2023