Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuyinselele yemvelo yokukhathazeka komhlaba wonke. Amazwe amaningi ngokwengeziwe aqhubeka nokuthuthukisa "umkhawulo weplastiki", acwaninge ngentshiseko futhi athuthukise futhi athuthukise ukuqondiswa kwenqubomgomo, futhi athuthukise ukuqwashisa ngokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki futhi athuthukise ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza kanye nendlela yokuphila.
Kuyini ipulasitiki?
Amapulasitiki angaba yisigaba sezinto zokwakha ezihlanganiswe nama-polymers aphezulu we-molecular aphezulu. Lawa ma-polymers angakhiwa ngokusabela kwe-polymerization, ngenkathi ama-monomers angaba yimikhiqizo ye-petrochemical noma amakhompiyutha endabuko yemvelo. Amapulasitiki avame ukuhlukaniswa ku-thermoplastic futhi athobela izigaba ezimbili, ngesisindo esikhanyayo, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukufakwa okuhle, ubukhulu obunamandla kanye nezinye izici. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamapulasitiki zifaka i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polystyrere, njll. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kunzima ukungcola, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwesikhathi eside kuphakamisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nezinkinga zokusimama.
Singaphila izimpilo zethu zansuku zonke ngaphandle kwepulasitiki?
Ipulatistics ingangena kuyo yonke imici yezimpilo zethu zansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi nokuqina kwayo okuhle kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, lapho kusetshenziswa ipulasitiki ekupakisheni ukudla, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu ezinamagesi kanye namagesi, kunganwebeka ngempumelelo nempilo yeshalofu yokudla, inciphise izinkinga zokuphepha kokudla kanye nemfucuza yokudla. Lokho kusho ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ngathi ukuqeda ngokuphelele ipulasitiki. Yize kunezindlela eziningi zokukhetha emhlabeni jikelele, njenge-bamboo, ingilazi, insimbi, indwangu, i-compostatable ne-biodegradable, kusekude indlela ende yokuya kubo bonke.
Ngeshwa, ngeke sikwazi ukuvimba amapulasitiki ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho kunezinye izindlela zakho konke kusuka ekwakheni izimpahla kanye nezimpawu zezokwelapha zamabhodlela amanzi namathoyizi.
Izinyathelo ezithathwe ngamazwe ngamanye
Njengoba ukuqwashisa ngobungozi bepulasitiki sekukhule, amazwe amaningi ashukumisele ukuba avimbele izikhwama zepulasitiki okukodwa kanye / noma akhokhise imali ukukhuthaza abantu ukuthi bashintshele kwezinye izinketho. Ngokusho kwemibhalo ye-United Nations nemibiko eminingi yabezindaba, amazwe angama-77 emhlabeni jikelele avinjelwe, avinjelwe ngokwengxenye noma akhokhiswe intela esetshenziswayo.
I-france
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2023, izindawo zokudlela ezisheshayo zaseFrance ezifakwe "umkhawulo wepulasitiki" omusha - i-taptare yepulasitiki elahlekile kumele ithathelwe indawo nge-Tableware esebenzayo. Lokhu kungumthetho omusha eFrance ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki enkundleni yokudla ngemuva kokuvinjelwa kwamabhokisi okufakwa kwepulasitiki kanye nokwenqatshelwa kokuhlinzekwa kwepulasitiki.
I-Thailand
I-Thailand ivinjelwe imikhiqizo yepulasitiki efana nama-microbeads epulasitiki kanye namapulasitiki anenkani ngokuphela ngo-2019, ayeke ukusebenzisa umgomo we-100% wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ngo-20%. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba 2019, iThailand yavusa isiphakamiso se- UMnyango Wezemvelo Wezemvelo Nemvelo, Ukuvimbela Izikhungo ezinkulu Zokuthenga kanye Nezitolo Ezilula Zokuhlinzeka Ngezikhwama Zepulasitiki Ezingapheli kusuka ngoJanuwari 1, 2020.
IJalimane
EJalimane, amabhodlela ophuzo epulasitiki azophawulwa ngopulasitiki ovuselelekayo ongama-100% endaweni evelele, amabhisikidi, ukudla okulula, ama-pasta kanye namabhokisi okudla nawo, amabhokisi epulasitiki, nawo amabhokisi epulasitiki okulethwa. Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokuvuselelwa kwepulasitiki eJalimane kuhlobene nokuthandwa okukhulayo kwemibono yokuvikela imvelo kanye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokufaka umkhiqizo eJalimane naseYurophu Union. Inqubo isheshisa izintengo zamandla aphezulu. Njengamanje, iJalimane izama ukuthuthukisa "umkhawulo wepulasitiki" ekunciphiseni inani lokupakisha, ukuxhasa ukuqaliswa kokuphindaphindeka okuvuthiwe, nokusetha izinkomba zokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezokwenziwa kwezokusebenza. Ukuhamba kukaJalimane sekuyindinganiso ebalulekile e-EU.
Izitsha zokudlela zebumba uqobo
Ngo-2008, iChina isebenzisa i- "Order Order yePulasitiki", evimbela ukukhiqizwa, ukuthengiswa kanye nokusebenzisa izikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki ngobukhulu obungaphansi kuka-0.025 mm ezweni lonke, futhi izitolo zezitolo, izimakethe zemakethe nezinye izindawo zokuthengisa impahla akuvunyelwe ukunikeza izikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki mahhala.
Ungayenza kanjani kahle?
Uma kukhulunywa 'ukuthi ukwenze kanjani kahle', lokho kuncike ekutholweni kwamazwe nohulumeni bawo. Ezinye izindlela zepulasitiki namasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki noma ukukhulisa umgomo kukhulu, noma kunjalo, badinga ukuthenga kusuka kubantu ukuze basebenze.
Ekugcineni, noma yiliphi isu elithatha indawo yepulasitiki, livimbela amapulasitiki athile njengokusetshenziswa okukodwa, likhuthaza ukuphindaphinda noma lihlose futhi lifuna ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ipulasitiki zizonikela kokuhle.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dece-12-2023